Extreme heat
Q&As
What are heat cramps?
Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms – usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs – that may occur in association with strenuous activity. People who sweat a lot during strenuous activity are prone to heat cramps. The sweating depletes the body’s salt and moisture. The low salt level in the muscles causes painful cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of heat exhaustion. If you have heart problems or are on a low-sodium diet, seek medical attention for heat cramps.
What should I do if I get heat cramps?
If medical attention is not necessary, take the following steps:
- Stop all activity and sit quietly in a cool place
- Drink clear juice or a sports beverage
- Do not return to strenuous activity for a few hours after cramps subside
- If cramps do not subside within one hour, seek medical attention
What is heat rash?
Heat rash is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather. It can occur at any age but is most common in young children. Heat rash looks like a red cluster of pimples or small blisters. It is more likely to occur on the neck and upper chest, in the groin, under the breasts, and in elbow creases. The best treatment for heat rash is to provide a cooler, less humid environment. Keep the affected area dry. Dusting powder may be used to increase comfort.
Can medications increase the risk of heat-related illnesses?
The risk for heat-related illness and death may increase among people using the following drugs:
- psychotropics, which affect psychic function, behavior or experience (for example, haloperidol or chlorpromazine
- medications for Parkinson’s disease, because they inhibit perspiration
- tranquilizers such as phenothiazines, butyrophenones and thiozanthenes
- diuretic medications or “water pills” that affect fluid balance in the body
Should I take salt tablets during hot weather?
Do not take salt tablets unless directed by your doctor. Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from your body. Since your body requires salt and minerals, they need to be replenished.
How much should I drink during hot weather?
During hot weather, you need to drink more than your thirst indicates. Increase your fluid intake, regardless of your activity level. During heavy exercise in a hot environment, drink two to four glasses (16-32 ounces) of cool fluids each hour. Avoid alchoholic beverages because they will actually cause you to lose more fluid.
